TRANSFORMING AGRIFOOD AND AQUATIC SYSTEMS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

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1

Transforming Agrifood and Aquatic Systems: Concepts and Emerging Paradigms

From Sectoral Production to Integrated, Resilient and Sustainable Food Systems

• Concept of agrifood and aquatic systems • Drivers of transformation • Food–water–energy–ecosystem nexus • Systems thinking • Sustainability dimensions • Global transformation pathways

2

Global Food-System Transformation and the Sustainable Development Goals

Linking Food Production with Nutrition, Livelihoods and Environmental Sustainability

• SDGs and food systems • Food security and nutrition • Poverty and livelihoods • Sustainable production and consumption • Trade-offs and synergies • SDG-based approaches

3

Climate Change and the Future of Agrifood and Aquatic Systems

Risks, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Pathways

• Climate impacts on crops, livestock and fisheries • Temperature and rainfall variability • Ocean warming and aquatic ecosystems • Extreme events • Climate vulnerability • Adaptation and mitigation strategies

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Climate-Smart Agriculture for Resilient Food Production

Technologies and Practices for Adaptation, Mitigation and Productivity

• CSA principles • Climate-resilient crops • Water management • Conservation agriculture • Weather-based advisories • Carbon management • Scaling CSA

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Regenerative Agriculture and Soil Health

Rebuilding Soil Function for Sustainable Food Production

• Soil organic carbon • Soil biodiversity • Reduced tillage • Cover crops • Crop diversification • Biofertilizers • Regenerative farming indicators

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Agroecology and Nature-Positive Agriculture

Integrating Biodiversity, Ecological Processes and Farm Productivity

• Agroecological principles • Ecological intensification • Biodiversity • Natural pest regulation • Pollinator conservation • Ecosystem services • Case studies

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Water-Smart Agriculture

Sustainable Management of Water Resources under a Changing Climate

• Agricultural water demand • Irrigation efficiency • Micro-irrigation • Rainwater harvesting • Water-saving crops • Groundwater depletion • Water–food nexus

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Sustainable Intensification of Crop and Livestock Production

Producing More with Fewer Resources

• Sustainable intensification • Resource-use efficiency • Integrated crop–livestock systems • Nutrient management • Feed efficiency • Emission reduction • Productivity–environment trade-offs

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Blue Transformation and Sustainable Aquatic Food Systems

Reimagining Fisheries and Aquaculture for Food and Nutrition Security

• Blue Transformation • Aquatic foods • Fisheries sustainability • Aquaculture growth • Nutrition • Livelihoods • Policy frameworks

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Climate-Resilient Fisheries and Aquaculture

Adapting Aquatic Food Production to Environmental Change

• Climate impacts on fish • Ocean warming • Water quality • Disease emergence • Adaptive aquaculture • Resilient species • Risk management

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Sustainable Aquaculture Intensification

Improving Productivity while Reducing Environmental Footprints

• Sustainable intensification • Stocking density • Feed efficiency • Water quality • Biosecurity • Effluent management • Carrying capacity

12

Integrated Agriculture–Aquaculture Systems

Closing Nutrient Loops between Land and Water

• Rice–fish systems • Fish–livestock integration • Pond-based farming • Nutrient recycling • Integrated farming models • Productivity • Economic benefits

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Innovations in Fish Nutrition and Sustainable Aquafeeds

Alternative Ingredients, Feed Efficiency and Circular Aquaculture

• Fishmeal/fish-oil alternatives • Plant proteins • Insect-based feed • Algae • Feed additives • Precision feeding • Feed conversion ratio • Environmental footprint

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Sustainable Fisheries Management and Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation

Balancing Food Production, Ecosystem Health and Livelihoods

• Fisheries governance • Overfishing • Habitat degradation • Fish biodiversity • Ecosystem-based fisheries management • Inland fisheries • Community participation

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Agricultural Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Harnessing Nature for Sustainable Food Production

• Agrobiodiversity • Genetic resources • Pollination • Biological control • Nutrient cycling • Soil services • Biodiversity–productivity relationships

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Wetlands, Rivers and Watersheds in Sustainable Food Systems

Connecting Terrestrial Agriculture with Aquatic Ecosystems

• Wetland ecosystems • River health • Watershed management • Fisheries • Agriculture–water interactions • Wetland agriculture • Ecosystem restoration

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Agroforestry and Landscape Approaches to Sustainability

Integrating Trees, Crops, Livestock and Ecosystem Services

• Agroforestry models • Carbon sequestration • Biodiversity • Soil conservation • Climate resilience • Livelihood diversification • Landscape restoration

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Blue Carbon, Coastal Ecosystems and Sustainable Livelihoods

Linking Mangroves, Fisheries and Climate Mitigation

• Mangroves • Seagrass • Coastal wetlands • Blue carbon • Fisheries productivity • Coastal communities • Restoration • Carbon markets

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Circular Bioeconomy in Agrifood Systems

Converting Biological Resources and Wastes into Sustainable Value

• Circular economy principles • Bioeconomy • Biomass utilization • Resource recovery • Bioproducts • Nutrient recycling • Circular business models

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Agricultural Waste Valorization and Bio-Based Products

From Farm Residues to Resources

• Crop-residue management • Compost • Biochar • Biogas • Bioenergy • Biomaterials • Biofertilizers • Value-added products

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Fishery and Aquaculture Waste Valorization

Towards Zero-Waste Aquatic Food Production

• Fish processing waste • Fish silage • Fish protein hydrolysates • Collagen • Chitosan • Fish oil • Biofertilizers • Circular aquaculture

22

Food Loss, Waste and Sustainable Value Chains

Reducing Resource Losses from Farm to Consumer

• Causes of food loss • Post-harvest management • Cold chains • Fish spoilage • Storage technologies • Processing • Food waste recycling • Consumer behaviour

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

From Data-Driven Decisions to Autonomous Food Production

• Machine learning • Generative AI • Crop prediction • Pest/disease detection • Yield forecasting • Fish identification • Aquaculture monitoring • AI limitations and ethics

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Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming Technologies

Sensors, IoT, Drones and Data-Driven Resource Management

• IoT • Sensors • Drones • Variable-rate technologies • Precision irrigation • Precision nutrient management • Smart machinery • Farm decision-support systems

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Remote Sensing, GIS and Earth Observation for Sustainable Food Systems

Monitoring Crops, Water, Fisheries and Ecosystem Change

• Satellite imagery • GIS • Crop monitoring • Land-use change • Drought monitoring • Water resources • Fisheries habitat • Environmental assessment

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Digital Aquaculture and Smart Fisheries Management

Intelligent Monitoring, Automation and Predictive Management

• Smart sensors • Automated feeding • Water-quality monitoring • Computer vision • Fish behaviour • Digital twins • Traceability • Predictive analytics

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Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Aquaculture

Harnessing Biological Innovations for Resource-Efficient Production

• Microbial biotechnology • Biofertilizers • Biopesticides • Probiotics • Molecular breeding • Aquaculture biotechnology • Biosensors • Regulatory considerations

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Genomic and Breeding Approaches for Climate-Resilient Crops and Fish

Accelerating Genetic Improvement for Future Food Security

• Conventional breeding • Genomics • Marker-assisted selection • Genomic selection • Climate-resilient varieties • Disease resistance • Aquaculture breeding • Genetic diversity

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Biological Pest and Disease Management

Reducing Dependence on Chemical Inputs

• Biocontrol agents • Microbial pesticides • Botanical pesticides • IPM • Pest forecasting • Resistance management • Ecological approaches • Farmer adoption

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Smallholders, Fishers and Rural Livelihoods in the Transition to Sustainability

Making Agrifood Transformation Inclusive

• Smallholder farmers • Fishers • Livelihood diversification • Vulnerability • Income security • Social protection • Resilience • Inclusive innovation

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Women and Youth in Sustainable Agrifood and Aquatic Systems

From Participation to Leadership and Entrepreneurship

• Gender roles • Women's contribution • Youth entrepreneurship • Skill development • Digital inclusion • Access to finance • Leadership • Rural employment

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Farmer Producer Organizations, Cooperatives and Collective Action

Strengthening Smallholder Participation in Sustainable Value Chains

• FPOs • Cooperatives • Collective marketing • Input procurement • Value addition • Bargaining power • Governance • Digital platforms

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Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge for Sustainable Resource Management

Connecting Local Knowledge with Modern Science

• Traditional farming • Indigenous fisheries practices • Local biodiversity knowledge • Traditional water management • Knowledge documentation • Scientific validation • Knowledge integration

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Sustainable Agrifood Value Chains and Market Transformation

From Production-Centred Systems to Consumer-Responsive Food Systems

• Value-chain analysis • Market access • Traceability • Certification • Sustainable products • Farmer–consumer linkages • E-commerce • Premium markets

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Policy, Institutions and Governance for Sustainable Food-System Transformation

Creating an Enabling Environment for Systemic Change

• Policy instruments • Institutional coordination • Environmental governance • Fisheries regulations • Agricultural policy • Climate policy • Multi-stakeholder governance

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Measuring Sustainability in Agrifood and Aquatic Systems

Indicators, Metrics and Assessment Frameworks

• Sustainability indicators • Environmental footprint • Carbon footprint • Water footprint • Biodiversity indicators • Life-cycle assessment • Resilience indicators

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Carbon-Neutral and Low-Emission Agrifood Systems

Pathways towards Net-Zero Food Production

• Agricultural GHG emissions • Methane • Nitrous oxide • Carbon sequestration • Low-carbon farming • Renewable energy • Carbon accounting • Net-zero pathways

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Sustainable Finance and Investment in Agrifood and Aquatic Systems

Financing the Transition towards Resilient Food Systems

• Green finance • Climate finance • ESG • Sustainable investment • Carbon markets • Blended finance • Risk management • Financing smallholders

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Future Food Systems: Scenario Planning and Emerging Trends

Preparing Agrifood and Aquatic Systems for 2050 and Beyond

• Future food demand • Population growth • Climate scenarios • Technological disruption • Alternative proteins • Urbanization • Consumer trends • Scenario modelling

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Pathways towards Resilient, Inclusive and Nature-Positive Food Systems

Integrating Climate, Biodiversity, Technology and Livelihoods

• Systems integration • Nature-positive production • Climate resilience • Circularity • Digital transformation • Equity • Governance • Scaling innovations

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Transforming Agrifood and Aquatic Systems: A Roadmap for a Sustainable Future

From Innovation to Implementation and Impact

• Major transformation pathways • Priority interventions • Policy roadmap • Technology adoption • Institutional mechanisms • Investment priorities • Regional approaches • Future research agenda